[阶段5] 部署到 NAS + frp 公网映射，并加注册锁

部署 (NAS 192.168.50.64):
- MariaDB 建库 garmin_health_lab，5 张表由 init_db 建好
- Python 3.8.15 venv；NAS 无 gcc，依赖全部走纯 Python 轮子
- gunicorn 2 worker × 4 线程，--timeout 300（AI 生成耗时可达数分钟）
- start.sh / stop.sh，可重复执行；日志落 logs/
- 在 NAS 真机 + 真实 MariaDB 上跑通全部测试：205 passed

app.py / config.py:
- STATIC_DIR 存在时由同一个 Flask 进程托管 React 构建产物，
  部署即单端口单进程，不需要额外反代
- 404 处理区分 /api 前缀：API 仍返回 JSON，其余回退到 index.html，
  这样 /settings 这类前端路由刷新后不会 404

安全 - 注册锁 (ALLOW_REGISTRATION):
- 服务要挂到公网，而原本 /register 完全开放，任何人都能注册进来
  读取健康数据
- 默认策略 auto：仅在尚无任何账号时开放，注册完第一个即自动关闭
- 另支持 true / false 显式覆盖；按请求读取，改配置无需重启
- 新增 GET /auth/registration-status，前端据此隐藏注册标签页

frp 公网映射:
- 复用 NAS 上已有的 frpc (/etc/frp/frpc.toml)，追加 garmin 隧道
  NAS:8123 -> 甲骨文:8123（改前已按既有惯例备份 .bak.<时间戳>）
- 经 S99frpc.sh restart 生效，原有 4 条隧道均正常恢复

tests/test_registration_policy.py (13 通过):
- auto 策略下第一个账号放行、第二个 403 且不落库
- true/false 显式覆盖，大小写不敏感
- 策略按请求读取而非 import 时冻结
- 关闭注册不影响登录；status 端点无需鉴权

公网实测: 页面、SPA 路由、鉴权 401、注册锁 403 均符合预期。

Co-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app.py

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ Flask application factory for Garmin Health Lab.
 Run directly (`python app.py`) for development, or serve with Gunicorn:
     gunicorn wsgi:app -b 0.0.0.0:5000
 """
-from flask import Flask, jsonify
+import os
+
+from flask import Flask, jsonify, send_from_directory
 from flask_cors import CORS
 
 import db
-from config import CORS_ORIGINS, PORT
+from config import CORS_ORIGINS, PORT, STATIC_DIR
 from routes import auth, garmin, health, analysis
 
 
@@ -19,8 +21,16 @@ def create_app():
     # Create tables once at startup (idempotent).
     db.init_db()
 
+    # In production the built React app is served by this same process, so the
+    # deployment is a single port with no reverse proxy to configure. In
+    # development STATIC_DIR does not exist and the CRA dev server serves the
+    # UI instead — hence the guard rather than an unconditional route.
+    has_ui = bool(STATIC_DIR) and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(STATIC_DIR, "index.html"))
+
     @app.route("/")
     def index():
+        if has_ui:
+            return send_from_directory(STATIC_DIR, "index.html")
         return jsonify({"name": "Garmin Health Lab API", "version": "1.0.0"})
 
     @app.route("/api/health/status")
@@ -34,6 +44,16 @@ def create_app():
 
     @app.errorhandler(404)
     def not_found(_e):
+        # API paths always answer in JSON. Everything else falls through to the
+        # SPA so client-side routes (/settings, /recommendations, ...) survive a
+        # page reload instead of 404-ing.
+        from flask import request
+
+        if has_ui and not request.path.startswith("/api/"):
+            asset = request.path.lstrip("/")
+            if asset and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(STATIC_DIR, asset)):
+                return send_from_directory(STATIC_DIR, asset)
+            return send_from_directory(STATIC_DIR, "index.html")
         return jsonify({"error": "not found"}), 404
 
     @app.errorhandler(500)

backend/config.py

@@ -37,6 +37,20 @@ MARIADB_DATABASE = os.environ.get("MARIADB_DATABASE") or "garmin_health_lab"
 JWT_SECRET = os.environ.get("JWT_SECRET") or "dev_secret_change_me"
 JWT_EXPIRY_DAYS = int(os.environ.get("JWT_EXPIRY_DAYS") or 7)
 
+# Who may create an account.
+#   "auto"  - only while no user exists yet (first-run setup, then closed).
+#   "true"  - always open.
+#   "false" - never; accounts must be created out of band.
+# "auto" is the default because this deployment is reachable from the public
+# internet, where an open registration endpoint would let anyone create an
+# account and start pulling health data.
+ALLOW_REGISTRATION = (os.environ.get("ALLOW_REGISTRATION") or "auto").lower()
+
+# --- Static UI --------------------------------------------------------------
+# Directory holding the built React app. When set and populated, the Flask
+# process serves the UI too, so a deployment is one port and one service.
+STATIC_DIR = os.environ.get("STATIC_DIR") or os.path.join(_BACKEND_DIR, "static")
+
 # --- Server -----------------------------------------------------------------
 # BACKEND_PORT wins over PORT: `PORT` is set by many dev tools and PaaS
 # runtimes for the *frontend*, and letting it through made Flask seize the

backend/routes/auth.py

@@ -3,14 +3,43 @@ import uuid
 
 from flask import Blueprint, request, g, jsonify
 
+import os
+
 from auth import hash_password, verify_password, sign_token, require_auth
+import config
 from db import execute, query_one
 
 bp = Blueprint("auth", __name__)
 
 
+def registration_open():
+    """Whether an account may be created right now.
+
+    Under the default "auto" policy the endpoint closes as soon as the first
+    account exists, so a publicly reachable deployment cannot be signed up to
+    by strangers.
+    """
+    # Read at call time, not import time, so the policy can be changed without
+    # a restart and so tests are not bound to whatever .env held at startup.
+    policy = (os.environ.get("ALLOW_REGISTRATION") or config.ALLOW_REGISTRATION).lower()
+    if policy == "true":
+        return True
+    if policy == "false":
+        return False
+    return query_one("SELECT id FROM users LIMIT 1") is None
+
+
+@bp.route("/registration-status", methods=["GET"])
+def registration_status():
+    """Lets the UI hide the sign-up tab when registration is closed."""
+    return jsonify({"open": registration_open()})
+
+
 @bp.route("/register", methods=["POST"])
 def register():
+    if not registration_open():
+        return jsonify({"error": "注册已关闭：本实例已有账号"}), 403
+
     data = request.get_json(silent=True) or {}
     email = (data.get("email") or "").strip()
     garmin_email = (data.get("garminEmail") or "").strip()

backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ _AI_ENV_VARS = (
 def _isolate_ai_env(monkeypatch):
     for var in _AI_ENV_VARS:
         monkeypatch.delenv(var, raising=False)
+    # Most tests need to create users freely; the production default closes
+    # registration once one account exists. test_registration_policy.py clears
+    # this to exercise the real default.
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", "true")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

backend/tests/test_registration_policy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""
+Tests for who may create an account.
+
+This matters because the deployment is reachable from the public internet: an
+unconditionally open /register would let a stranger sign up and start pulling
+health data.
+"""
+import pytest
+
+
+def signup(client, email="new@example.com"):
+    return client.post(
+        "/api/auth/register",
+        json={
+            "email": email,
+            "garminEmail": "g@example.com",
+            "garminPassword": "pw123456",
+        },
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _default_policy(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", raising=False)
+
+
+class TestAutoPolicy:
+    """Default: open until the first account exists, then closed."""
+
+    def test_first_account_is_allowed(self, client, db):
+        assert signup(client).status_code == 201
+
+    def test_second_account_is_refused(self, client, user):
+        r = signup(client, "stranger@example.com")
+        assert r.status_code == 403
+        assert "注册已关闭" in r.get_json()["error"]
+
+    def test_refusal_does_not_create_the_account(self, client, user, db):
+        signup(client, "stranger@example.com")
+        assert db.query_one(
+            "SELECT id FROM users WHERE email = ?", ["stranger@example.com"]
+        ) is None
+
+    def test_status_reports_open_before_any_signup(self, client, db):
+        assert client.get("/api/auth/registration-status").get_json()["open"] is True
+
+    def test_status_reports_closed_afterwards(self, client, user):
+        assert client.get("/api/auth/registration-status").get_json()["open"] is False
+
+
+class TestExplicitPolicies:
+    def test_true_keeps_it_open_even_with_existing_users(self, client, user, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", "true")
+        assert signup(client, "second@example.com").status_code == 201
+
+    def test_false_closes_it_even_on_an_empty_instance(self, client, db, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", "false")
+        assert signup(client).status_code == 403
+
+    def test_policy_is_read_per_request_not_at_import(self, client, db, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", "false")
+        assert client.get("/api/auth/registration-status").get_json()["open"] is False
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", "true")
+        assert client.get("/api/auth/registration-status").get_json()["open"] is True
+
+    def test_value_is_case_insensitive(self, client, user, monkeypatch):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", "TRUE")
+        assert signup(client, "second@example.com").status_code == 201
+
+
+class TestUnaffectedBehaviour:
+    def test_status_endpoint_needs_no_auth(self, client, db):
+        """The login page must be able to ask before anyone is signed in."""
+        assert client.get("/api/auth/registration-status").status_code == 200
+
+    def test_closing_registration_does_not_block_login(self, client, user):
+        r = client.post(
+            "/api/auth/login",
+            json={"email": user["email"], "password": user["password"]},
+        )
+        assert r.status_code == 200
+
+    def test_duplicate_email_still_reports_409_when_open(
+        self, client, user, monkeypatch
+    ):
+        monkeypatch.setenv("ALLOW_REGISTRATION", "true")
+        assert signup(client, user["email"]).status_code == 409